WHAT IS PGT TEST?

Preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) is a test that collects a small number of cells from an embryo to check for chromosomal (nst) abnormalities in the embryo. There are three types of test: PGT-A, PGT -M and PGT-SR.

The most common of these is PGT-A, which is a method of transplantation after confirmation of chromosome number. Because it helps increase implantation and pregnancy rates, and reduces miscarriage rates, this method is increasingly used in cases of multiple miscarriages in the past, resulting in repeated IVF failures and the number of miscarriages. The number of elderly infertile patients is increasing with the increase in late marriage.

Diagnosis of 46 chromosomes through NGS testing

At Cha Bundang Hospital, some cells are removed from blastocyst stage cells and NGS technology (Next Generation Sequencing) is applied to diagnose 46 chromosomes. It can be applied when parents have abnormalities in chromosome structure, when abnormalities in the number of chromosomes are suspected, during pregnancy the fetus has abnormalities in chromosomes in older women, recurrent spontaneous abortions, Repeated implantation failure and oligospermia.

Chromosomes in humans represent 2 cells linked together into a set (𝐧), the total number of normal cells is 46, including a total of 22 homologous chromosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes (XX, XY). . (2n=46) The numerical abnormality of chromosome 2n means that the total number of chromosomes in the embryo is not 46.

PGT testing to ensure that the number of chromosomes is accurate

Except for the sex chromosomes, the chromosomes of a normal embryo are numbered in pairs from 1 to 22. In most cases, if there are chromosomal abnormalities, it is very difficult to conceive. The goal of PGT is to check whether the number of chromosomes is accurate and to identify common diseases caused by chromosomal abnormalities, including Down syndrome, Patau syndrome, and Edwards syndrome.

In the case of abnormal embryos, the implantation rate is very low, and there is very little evidence of outcomes for children born from abnormal embryos; therefore, implantation is not recommended.

On the other hand, since the blastocyst is an embryo at a very early stage, the number of chromosomes among the cells may be mixed between normal and abnormal. This condition of mixing normal and abnormal chromosomes is called “mosaicism,” in which case, after consulting with the treating physician, a decision is made regarding whether to implant the mosaic embryo alongside the normal embryos.

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WHAT IS PGT TEST? - liveagain